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روان شناسی و مشاوره::
فعالیت آموزشی
Authority-providing students opportunities to develop skills and assume leader- ship roles, make choices, and participate in decision-making about their learning; avoiding controlling or coercive language and instructional practices
, van Uden, Ritzen, & Pieters, 2013), instructional practices (e.g.
Similarly, Wolters and Daugherty (2007) found that teachers with more experience reported higher self-efficacy for instructional practices and classroom management.
Paulick et al. found that ability-approach and ability-avoidance goals predicted teachers' instructional practices, but the same relationships were not statistically signifi- cant for Retelsdorf et al.
Butler and Shibaz's explorations of teachers' goal orientation in relation to the inhibi- tion of question asking and student cheating suggests that this is an important area to examine the processes by which teacher goal orientations are related to instructional practice and student outcomes.
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